![]() Additionally, a correlation between reduced bone density and the cobalamin status of young vegetarians has also been reported (4, 13).Īt risk nutrient for elderly people and in chronic gastritisĮlderly people show a decreased absorption of vitamin B 12 due to a decrease in secretion of intrinsic factor. Exclusively breastfed infants of vegan mothers are exposed to a particularly high risk (3) (1). People with purely plant-based diets (vegan) are at particular risk, since dietary sources of Vitamin B 12 are found only in animal products. Furthermore, vitamin B 12 is involved in the degradation of fatty acids, in the synthesis of myelin, the protective layer of the nerve strands, and in the construction of DNA and thus in cell division (2).Ī vitamin B 12 deficiency usually develops very slowly over several years due to existing stores in the body. This explains why many symptoms of vitamin B 12 deficiency are similar to those of folic acid deficiency (1). If cobalamin is missing, an indirect folic acid deficiency occurs and vice versa. Cobalamin is converted into its active form (methylcobalamin) by active folic acid (5-MTHF) and 5-MTHF then becomes THF. It acts as a coenzyme in the degradation of homocysteine to methionine. In human metabolism, vitamin B 12 has several functions. Vitamin B 12 can only be absorbed into the body in this complex form in the small intestine. Vitamin B 12 ingested with food is bound in the stomach by a glycoprotein from the gastric mucosa known as intrinsic factor. Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic compound which, due to its higher stability against chemical and physical influences compared to other B 12 forms, is used in preparations for therapeutic nutritional supplements. The term vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) refers to a group of similar atomic compounds with a central cobalt atom. Maximum intake, with no observed adverse effectĭetailed information Physiological functions and resorption of vitamin B 12 Recommended intake according to food labelling regulations Recommended intake D-A-CH recommended nutrient intake ( Reference values EFSA and NHI )Įlderly, hyperthyroidism, nitro-stress, parasite infestation, liver and kidney disease, alcohol abuse, vegetarian diet, smoking, gastritis, lack of intrinsic factor, pancreatic insufficiency, bacterial overgrowth syndrome of the intestineĮxclusively breastfed infants of vegan mothers, deficiency of intrinsic factor in elderly persons and patients with chronic gastritis Contributes to the reduction of fatigue and fatigue.Contributes to normal homocysteine metabolism. ![]() Contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system.Contributes to normal functioning of the immune system.Contributes to a normal energy metabolism.DNA synthesis, cell growth and replication.Remethylation of homocysteine to methionine.Only with long heating or extensive soaking would higher losses be expected. Gentle food preparation methods only reduce the cobalamin content by about 10 %. ![]() Vitamin B 12 losses during food preparation are comparatively low. The supply of vitamin B 12 depends not only on the content of vitamin B 12 and its analogues in food, but also on absorption dependent on intrinsic factor secreted in the stomach. Fermented vegetable foods and algae (exception: chlorella), may contain non-vitamin analogues that block the metabolic functions of the biologically active vitamin B 12. sauerkraut) or bacterially contaminated foods may contain traces of the vitamin, but these are generally not sufficient to meet requirements. Plant foods do not usually contain vitamin B 12. The consumption of meat (especially offal), fish, eggs, milk and dairy products helps to meet nutrient demands. Vitamin B 12, also called cobalamin, is only found in animal foods in significant amounts. Sources and physiological effects Dietary sources ![]()
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